![]() Ranked from least involved to most involved:įull automation approach: Distribution kernels A Distribution Kernel is used to configure, automatically build, and install the Linux kernel, its associated modules, and (optionally, but enabled by default) an initramfs file. For the purposes of the installation, three approaches to kernel management will be presented, however at any point post-installation a new approach can be employed. Now it is time to configure and compile the kernel sources. See the Microcode article for more information on how to apply microcode updates. Microcode for Intel CPUs can be found within the sys-firmware/intel-microcode package, which will need to be installed separately. Microcode updates for AMD CPUs are distributed within the aforementioned sys-kernel/linux-firmware package. ![]() Newer revisions of microcode are sometimes necessary to patch instability, security concerns, or other miscellaneous bugs in CPU hardware. Typically this kind of firmware is referred to as microcode. In addition to discrete graphics hardware and network interfaces, CPUs also can require firmware updates. It is not necessary to include the device's firmware files into the kernel's binary image for symbols loaded as modules. It is important to note that kernel symbols that are built as modules (M) will load their associated firmware files from the filesystem when they are loaded by the kernel. If necessary, visit the license handling section of the Handbook for help on accepting licenses. Installing certain firmware packages often requires accepting the associated firmware licenses. It is recommended to have the sys-kernel/linux-firmware package installed before the initial system reboot in order to have the firmware available in the event that it is necessary: Most firmware for modern hardware devices can be found within the sys-kernel/linux-firmware package. Modern video chips from vendors like AMD, Nvidia, and Intel, often also require external firmware files to be fully functional. ![]() This is often the case for wireless network interfaces commonly found in both desktop and laptop computers. Optional: Installing firmware and/or microcode Firmwareīefore getting to configuring kernel sections, it is beneficial to be aware that some hardware devices require additional, sometimes non-FOSS compliant, firmware to be installed on the system before they will operate correctly. 3.2 Force loading particular kernel modules.2.4.4 Architecture specific kernel configuration.2.4.3 Enabling support for typical system components.2.3.1 Binary redistributable software license group.2.1.4.1 Manually rebuilding the initramfs.2.1.1 Installing the correct installkernel package.1 Optional: Installing firmware and/or microcode.
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